The most common form of company registration in Poland is the Sp. z o.o. (limited liability company). The minimum share capital is 5,000 Polish zlotys (PLN). Depending on the shareholder structure, method of capital contribution, and signing requirements, you can choose between two options: the S24 standard articles of association or notarized articles of association. After the company is registered with the KRS, you must also arrange for beneficial ownership disclosure, tax filings, and accounting reports.
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You can first confirm the company structure and registration process, and then, based on the project quote, arrange for registration, a registered address, notarized translations, and coordination with an accountant. Registration fees, assistance with opening a bank account, and third-party fees will be verified according to the selected plan.
Standard articles of incorporation and cash contributions can be processed under S24. When custom articles of incorporation are required or non-cash contributions are involved, the documents are typically notarized first and then submitted through PRS. Project quotes should specify the process used and any third-party services involved.
The KRS is used to verify information such as company registration and representation rights. Beneficial owners must be reported separately to the CRBR; groups with indirect holdings should identify the complete chain of ownership and methods of actual control in advance.
Before registration, prepare a Polish address and service-of-process arrangements. For companies subject to cross-border management, tax residency and permanent establishment status should be assessed in light of the location where management decisions are made, as well as the personnel and office arrangements.
While preparing the registration documents, you can simultaneously organize the information on the shareholding structure, business operations, and sources of funds required by the bank. The bank will conduct an independent review and, depending on the specific case, perform verification either remotely or in person.
Sp. z o.o. is a limited liability company suitable for general business operations. S.A. is a joint-stock company with more complex requirements for establishment and governance; P.S.A. is a simplified joint-stock company that can be compared based on financing and capital contribution arrangements. When selecting a legal entity, consider shareholder rights, financing plans, and long-term maintenance costs first.
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Confirm the business activities, shareholder structure, and the applicable requirements under S24 or the notarized articles of incorporation.
Assistance with preparing incorporation documents and registration applications. Whether government fees, notary services, translation, and address services are included is subject to the project quote.
We can arrange a business address, coordinate with an accountant, assist with post-registration filings, and help open a bank account as needed. The scope of services and third-party fees are subject to the project quote.
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A Polish limited liability company may be established by one or more natural persons or legal entities, but may not be incorporated solely by another single-member limited liability company. The company must have a registered address in Poland, appoint at least one managing director, and specify its authorized representatives and primary business classification (PKD). Foreign shareholders should verify industry restrictions based on their specific business activities.
The statutory minimum share capital is 5,000 PLN, with each share having a par value of at least 50 PLN. The S24 standard articles of incorporation allow only cash contributions, and the share capital must be paid in full no later than 7 days after registration. If non-cash assets, such as equipment or intellectual property, are to be contributed, or if customized articles of incorporation are required, the notarized articles of incorporation route must be followed, and the share capital must be paid in full in accordance with regulations prior to registration.Polish Commercial Code.
This typically includes the company’s name and address, articles of incorporation, a list of shareholders and their capital contributions, documents appointing management, consent forms from relevant parties and their addresses for service, as well as capital contribution declarations provided in accordance with the prescribed procedure. When foreign corporate shareholders are involved, verify the registration extract, signed powers of attorney, and Polish translations in advance. Notarization, legalization, or the issuance of additional certificates depends on the source and intended use of the documents.
If the standard articles of incorporation are accepted, the capital contribution is made solely in cash, and the signatory provides an electronic signature accepted by the platform, the application may be reviewed. S24 Online Registration. When the articles of incorporation require provisions regarding voting, the transfer of equity, or non-cash contributions, you may first have the documents notarized, and then PRS Court Registration PortalSubmit. You can also viewGlobal Company Registration GuideA comparison with other jurisdictions.
The project timeline should initially be planned in weeks and refined after the shareholder documents and registration process have been confirmed. The court review periods for S24 and PRS begin upon receipt of the application; translation, notarization, submission of supplementary documents, business accounts, and industry licenses should be arranged separately.
Determine the company name, registered address in Poland, shareholders, managing directors, and representation rights. Select the PKD activity codes, prepare identification documents, shareholder documents, and authorization documents, and confirm whether the business requires an industry license.
Standard articles of incorporation and cash contributions may be signed and submitted via S24. Notarized articles of incorporation are processed by a notary public and then submitted through PRS. Pay the court registration fee and follow up on court notices and requests for additional documents.
Verify the KRS, NIP, and REGON numbers, and submit the CRBR and NIP-8 forms on time. Complete the necessary procedures for tax registration, business accounts, accounting, electronic invoicing, and employment in accordance with business operations.
Arrange a free initial consultation with our advisory team. We can discuss your questions, review the proposed project and identify regulatory options suited to its objectives and budget.
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Schedule your time based on the registration process, then review income tax, value-added tax, invoicing, and annual filings separately. Cross-border operations and regulated activities should be assessed separately based on the scope of transactions and licenses.
The standard corporate income tax rate is 19 percent. Eligible newly established enterprises or small taxpayers may apply a 9 percent tax rate to non-capital gains income if their revenue for the current year does not exceed the equivalent of 2 million euros. Eligibility as a small taxpayer is also subject to verification that sales revenue (including VAT) for the previous tax year did not exceed the equivalent of 2 million euros; this preferential rate does not apply to certain reorganization scenarios. Starting in 2026, the annual threshold for tax years other than 12-month periods will be adjusted accordingly.Polish Tax Office Guide to Corporate Income Tax.
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